IBD Evidence

Mataræði

Kann mataræði viðgera tarmbólgusjúku?

Ein mataræðisuppíkoma framkallar remissión næstan líka væl sum sterar. Flestu av hinum eru nógv minni studdar, enn internetið gevur í skyn.

Uppdatert 2 min lesing 36 tilvísingar Dokumentasjonsstyrkur 4/5

Búgvað seng í einum trýfólks innanhýsis læknavøtt
玄史生 · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons

Einbrúks-enteral næring

Eitt fljótandi formel-mataræði, tikið einans í seks til átta vikur, fremur remissión í børna-Crohns-sjúku við tíðni, sum er samberilig við kortikosteroidar — uttan tá váksturbæling, sum ger steroidar trupular hjá børnum. Tað er fyrsta val í nógvum parti av evropiskari børnalæknapraksis.

Hví tað virkar er sonn óklárt. Møguligar frágreiðingar eru at fjerma mataræðis-antigen, at broyta mikrobiomið, at fjerma matvøru-tilsetingarevni, og einfaldliga at veita heila næring. Henda óvissa hevur týdning, tí hon er orsøkin til, at eingin kann siga tær, hvørjir partar av einum vanligum mataræði skulu fjermast fyri at fáa sama árin.

Enteral næring til remissión-fremjing

Trevnaður: umstridd, og ikki á tann hátt fólk halda

Ein skipað yvirlitsrannsókn og meta-analysa kannaði høgtrevnaðar-mataræði hjá Crohns sjúku [2]. Myndin er meira jaligur enn tann vanliga lág-restur-ráðgevingin bendi á — men við einum týdningarmiklum undantaki, sum spillist í samandráttum.

Í virkiligari sjúku við trongsli, kann ríkligur óloysiligur trevnaður útloysa forðing. Tað er ein meknisk trupulleiki, ikki ein bólguligur, og tað er orsøkin til, at alment ráð ikki virkar. Í rógvari sjúku uttan trongsli, er tann almenna trevnaðar-sannprógvingin galdandi — sí okkara tarm-heila-sannprógvingar-síðu.

Alt annað

Mataræðis-tilgongdir eftir sannprógvingarstyrki
AtgongdPrógvNiðurstøða
Einbrúks-enteral næringSterk, børna-CrohnsSonn viðgerð
Útilokandi mataræði fyri Crohns sjúkuVaksandi slembivald sannprógvingLovandi
MiddalhavsmynsturAlment heilsuvinnandi, avmarkað IBD-serligtSkynsom standard
Low-FODMAPEinkennislætti, ikki bólga [4]Bert einkennisligt
Serligt Kolvetni-MataræðiAvmarkað, blandaðIkki staðfest
Glutenfrítt uttan cøliakiEingin IBD-serlig sannprógvingIkki ávíst
Útiloking grundað á IgG-royndirOngin validitetForðast

FODMAP-røðin fortenir framheving, tí hon er tann mest mistulkaða. Low-FODMAP-mataræði kunnu munandi minka um uppblásni og verk hjá IBD — og tey minka ikki um bólgu. At kenna seg betri, meðan bólgan heldur fram, er ein sonn vandamikil úrslit, sum er orsøkin til, at einkennis-stýrd mataræðis-stýring má standa saman við ein objektivt eftirlit heldur enn at koma í staðin fyri tað.

Útloysandi matvørur

Ein skipað yvirlitsrannsókn av matvøru-ótoli og útilokandi mataræðum hjá IBD finnur tað, sjúklingar longu vita: útloysarar eru veruligir, einstaklingsligir, og ósamsvarandi millum fólk. Ongin validerað listi finst. Tann einasta álítisverda metodin er skipað persónlig eftirfylging — sum er ein dátu-trupulleiki heldur enn ein vitans-trupulleiki, og orsøkin til, at ein skannandi appur, sum læra sær tíni egnu mynstur, er meira nýtiligur enn ein prentaður smárit.

Endoskopiskt sjón av papilla Vater eftir sphincterotomi, við galla renna úr opningini
Doctor roach · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Vanlig spurningar

Kann eg viðgera IBD hjá mær bert við mataræði?
Einbrúks-enteral næring kann fremja remissión, mest í børna-Crohns. Einki vanligt mataræði er víst at koma í staðin fyri vekthalds-viðgerð.
Eigi eg at forðast trevnað?
Ikki vanliga. Meta-analysan er meira jaligur enn gomul ráðgeving [2] — við einum veruligum undantaki fyri trongsli-sjúku.
Hjálpa blóðroyndir fyri matvøru-ótol?
IgG-matvøru-royndir hava onga validitet til at eyðmerkja útloysarar og framleiða álítisliga óneyðuga avmarking.
Loysir tað seg at royna eitt low-FODMAP-mataræði?
Fyri einkenni, kanska, við stuðli frá einum kostfrøðingi og endurinnføring. Tað viðgerð ikki bólgu.
Evidensin fyri hesa síðu Ein stakkur bar, sum vísir samansetingina av 20 útgávunum, sum eru nevndar á hesi síðu eftir rannsóknartypum. 884meta-analysis (8)randomised trial (8)review (4)
20 útgávur, 1994–2026. Hetta er ein blanding av bæði royndum og samansetingum, sum er støðan, har frá ein áheitan um orsøkin er skilvís. Kelda: egnu tilvísingalistin á hesi síðu, niðanfyri.

Viðmerkingar

Hver einasta tilvísing niðanfyri bendir til upprunaliga peer-reviewed skjalið á PubMed ella gjøgnum DOI. Einki her er ein staðfesting fyri læknaligt ráð.

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  2. Study Design Complexity and Participant Completion in Dietary Trials for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Metaresearch Study Gregersen L, Moos C, Hikmat Z, et al. · Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 41825595Full text
  3. Pre-Illness Index-Based Dietary Patterns and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Meng F, Zhang T, Meng X, et al. · Nutrition reviews · 2025 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 40700526
  4. Using Diet to Treat Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review Gleave A, Shah A, Tahir U, et al. · The American journal of gastroenterology · 2025 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 39056556
  5. Efficacy of a Low-FODMAP Diet on the Severity of Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Quality of Life in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Disorders-A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials Kuźmin L, Kubiak K, Lange E · Nutrients · 2025 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 40573159Full text
  6. AGA Clinical Practice Update on Diet and Nutritional Therapies in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Expert Review Hashash JG, Elkins J, Lewis JD, et al. · Gastroenterology · 2024 · Clinical guideline DOIPubMed 38276922
  7. Is There Evidence of Crohn's Disease Exclusion Diet (CDED) in Remission of Active Disease in Children and Adults? A Systematic Review Correia I, Oliveira PA, Antunes ML, et al. · Nutrients · 2024 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 38613020Full text
  8. Efficacy of different dietary therapy strategies in active pediatric Crohn's disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis Ma J, Chong J, Qiu Z, et al. · PeerJ · 2024 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 39686992Full text
  9. High-Fiber Diet and Crohn's Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Serrano Fernandez V, Seldas Palomino M, Laredo-Aguilera JA, et al. · Nutrients · 2023 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 37513532Full text
  10. Dietary Interventions in Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review of the Evidence with Meta-Analysis Herrador-López M, Martín-Masot R, Navas-López VM · Nutrients · 2023 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 37836478Full text
  11. Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease Sinopoulou V, Gordon M, Akobeng AK, et al. · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 34844288Full text
  12. Systematic Review of the Effects of Oat Intake on Gastrointestinal Health Valido E, Stoyanov J, Bertolo A, et al. · The Journal of nutrition · 2021 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 34486656
  13. Dietary interventions for induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease Limketkai BN, Iheozor-Ejiofor Z, Gjuladin-Hellon T, et al. · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 30736095Full text
  14. Environmental Risk Factors for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: An Umbrella Review of Meta-analyses Piovani D, Danese S, Peyrin-Biroulet L, et al. · Gastroenterology · 2019 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 31014995
  15. ESPEN guideline: Clinical nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease Forbes A, Escher J, Hébuterne X, et al. · Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2017 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 28131521
  16. Nutrition in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: From Etiology to Treatment. A Systematic Review Penagini F, Dilillo D, Borsani B, et al. · Nutrients · 2016 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 27258308Full text
  17. British Dietetic Association evidence-based guidelines for the dietary management of Crohn's disease in adults Lee J, Allen R, Ashley S, et al. · Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2014 · Clinical guideline DOIPubMed 24313460
  18. Effect of Five Dietary Emulsifiers on Inflammation, Permeability, and the Gut Microbiome: A Placebo-controlled Randomized Trial Wellens J, Vanderstappen J, Hoekx S, et al. · Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2026 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 40816342
  19. A Randomised Controlled Trial Comparing the Effects of Personalised Diet and Physical Activity Intervention Versus Usual Care on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adults with Inactive Inflammatory Bowel Disease Yap JM, Wall CL, Meredith-Jones K, et al. · Nutrients · 2026 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 41829955Full text
  20. Evidence for a Modulatory Effect of a 12-Week Pomegranate Juice Intervention on the Transcriptional Response in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Reducing Fecal Calprotectin Levels: Findings From a Proof-of-Principle Study Minato I, Mena P, Ricciardiello L, et al. · Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 40255128Full text
  21. Effects of bromelain supplementation on disease activity and quality of life in patients with ulcerative colitis: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled study Delgarm P, Mokhtare M, Ebrahimi Daryani N, et al. · Scientific reports · 2025 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 41315628Full text
  22. Whole Food Diet Induces Remission in Children and Young Adults With Mild to Moderate Crohn's Disease and Is More Tolerable Than Exclusive Enteral Nutrition: A Randomized Controlled Trial Aharoni-Frutkoff Y, Plotkin L, Pollak D, et al. · Gastroenterology · 2025 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 40553742
  23. The use of the Crohn's disease exclusion diet (CDED) in adults with Crohn's disease: A randomized controlled trial Pasta A, Formisano E, Calabrese F, et al. · European journal of clinical investigation · 2025 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 39853756
  24. The Crohn's disease exclusion diet for induction and maintenance of remission in adults with mild-to-moderate Crohn's disease (CDED-AD): an open-label, pilot, randomised trial Yanai H, Levine A, Hirsch A, et al. · The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2022 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 34739863
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  26. Effects of Low FODMAP Diet on Symptoms, Fecal Microbiome, and Markers of Inflammation in Patients With Quiescent Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Randomized Trial Cox SR, Lindsay JO, Fromentin S, et al. · Gastroenterology · 2020 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 31586453
  27. Treatment of Active Crohn's Disease With an Ordinary Food-based Diet That Replicates Exclusive Enteral Nutrition Svolos V, Hansen R, Nichols B, et al. · Gastroenterology · 2019 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 30550821
  28. Crohn's Disease Exclusion Diet Plus Partial Enteral Nutrition Induces Sustained Remission in a Randomized Controlled Trial Levine A, Wine E, Assa A, et al. · Gastroenterology · 2019 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 31170412
  29. Treatment of Crohn's Disease with an IgG4-Guided Exclusion Diet: A Randomized Controlled Trial Gunasekeera V, Mendall MA, Chan D, et al. · Digestive diseases and sciences · 2016 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 26809868
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  31. Chronic, Noninfectious Diarrhea: A Review Singh P, Lee A, Sheth NM, et al. · JAMA · 2026 · Review DOIPubMed 41770539
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  34. Considerations in Paediatric and Adolescent Inflammatory Bowel Disease Vuijk SA, Camman AE, de Ridder L · Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2024 · Review DOIPubMed 39475081Full text
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