IBD Evidence

Diæt

Kan kost behandle IBD?

Én diætintervention inducerer remission næsten lige så godt som steroider. De fleste af de øvrige er langt mindre understøttet af evidens, end internettet antyder.

Updated 2 min read 36 citations Evidence strength 4/5

Redt seng på en tremandsstue på en medicinsk afdeling
玄史生 · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons

Eksklusiv enteral ernæring

En flydende formelkost, der tages udelukkende i seks til otte uger, inducerer remission ved pædiatrisk Crohns sygdom i en grad, der er sammenlignelig med kortikosteroider — uden den vækstundertrykkelse, der gør steroider problematiske hos børn. Den er førstevalg i store dele af den europæiske pædiatriske praksis.

Hvorfor det virker, er reelt uklart. Mulige forklaringer omfatter fjernelse af diætantigener, ændring af mikrobiomet, fjernelse af fødevaretilsætningsstoffer og simpelthen det at give fuldstændig ernæring. Denne usikkerhed er vigtig, fordi det er grunden til, at ingen kan fortælle dig, hvilke dele af en normal kost der skal fjernes for at opnå samme effekt.

Enteral ernæring til remissionsinduktion

Fibre: omdiskuteret, og ikke på den måde folk tror

En systematisk oversigtsartikel og metaanalyse undersøgte kostplaner med højt fiberindhold ved Crohns sygdom [2]. Billedet er mere positivt, end det traditionelle råd om lav-residual kost antydede — men med en vigtig undtagelse, der går tabt i sammendrag.

Ved aktiv sygdom med strikturer kan voluminøse, uopløselige fibre udløse obstruktion. Det er et mekanisk problem, ikke et inflammatorisk, og det er derfor generelle råd slår fejl. Ved sygdom i ro uden strikturer gælder den generelle fiberevidens — se vores tarm-hjerne-evidenssite.

Alt det andet

Diætiske tilgange efter evidensstyrke
MetodeEvidensKonklusion
Eksklusiv enteral ernæringStærk, pædiatrisk CrohnsEgentlig behandling
Crohn's Disease Exclusion DietVoksende randomiseret evidensLovende
MiddelhavsmønsterGenerel sundhed, begrænset IBD-specifikRimeligt standardvalg
Low-FODMAPSymptomlindring, ikke inflammation [4]Kun symptomatisk
Specific Carbohydrate DietBegrænset, blandetIkke etableret
Glutenfri uden cøliakiIngen IBD-specifik evidensIkke indiceret
Eliminering baseret på IgG-testningIngen validitetUndgås

FODMAP-rækken fortjener særlig vægt, fordi den er den mest misforståede. Low-FODMAP-diæter kan meningsfuldt reducere oppustethed og smerter ved IBD — og de reducerer ikke inflammation. At have det bedre, mens inflammationen fortsætter, er et reelt farligt udfald, hvilket er grunden til, at symptomstyret kosthåndtering skal ligge side om side med objektiv monitorering snarere end erstatte den.

Udløsende fødevarer

Systematisk oversigtsartikel om fødevareintolerance og eliminationsdiæter ved IBD finder, hvad patienter allerede ved: udløsende faktorer er reelle, individuelle og varierer fra person til person. Der findes ingen valideret liste. Den eneste pålidelige metode er systematisk personlig registrering — hvilket er et dataproblem snarere end et vidensproblem, og grunden til, at en scanningsapp, der lærer dit eget mønster, er mere nyttig end en trykt brochure.

Endoskopisk billede af papilla Vateri efter sphincterotomi, med galde, der drænes fra åbningen
Doctor roach · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Ofte stillede spørgsmål

Kan jeg behandle min IBD med kost alene?
Eksklusiv enteral ernæring kan inducere remission, primært ved pædiatrisk Crohns. Ingen almindelig kost har vist sig at kunne erstatte vedligeholdelsesbehandling.
Skal jeg undgå fibre?
Ikke rutinemæssigt. Metaanalysen er mere positiv end de gamle råd [2] — med en reel undtagelse for strikturerende sygdom.
Hjælper blodprøver for fødevareintolerance?
IgG-fødevaretestning har ingen validitet til at identificere udløsende faktorer og fører pålideligt til unødvendig restriktion.
Er en low-FODMAP-diæt værd at prøve?
For symptomer, muligvis, med støtte fra en diætist og genintroduktion. Den behandler ikke inflammation.
Evidensen bag denne side Et stablet søjlediagram, der viser sammensætningen af de 20 publikationer, der citeres på denne side, efter studietype. 884meta-analysis (8)randomised trial (8)review (4)
20 publikationer, 1994–2026. Det er en blanding, der indeholder både studier og syntesestudier, hvilket er det udgangspunkt, hvorfra en påstand om årsag er rimelig. Kilde: denne sides egen citationsliste, nedenfor.

References

Every citation below links to the original peer-reviewed record on PubMed or via DOI. Nothing here is a substitute for medical advice.

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